‘Alaqahis a stage in the development of the embryo. The Qur’an mentions that human development passes through a number of distinct stages. These stages are descriptive of the embryo’s external appearance and have been assigned the names: nutfah (a drop), alaqah (clinging form), mudghah (chewed-like form), izam (skeleton, bones), lahm (muscles, flesh) and nash’ah (growth, development, initiation).
The terminology used to describe human development in the Qur’an is characterized by descriptiveness, accuracy and ease of comprehension. Until recently these statements were not fully appreciated, since they referred to details in human development which were scientifically unknown in earlier times.
This essay by Elias Kareem focuses on the term ‘alaqah with an emphasis on the outer appearance of the embryo and its internal structures. This essay is an updated version of an unpublished essay from September 2000. Please return to this page for future updates. Download:https://www.academia.edu/1360747/Embryology_in_the_Quran_A_description_of_the_Alaqah_stage
Who started the first world war ? Muslims ? Who started the second world war ? Muslims ? Who killed about 20 millions of Aborigines in Australia ? Muslims ?? Who sent the nuclear bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ? Muslims ??
Which terrorist group did that?
Who killed more than 100 millions of Indians in North America ? Muslims ?? Who killed more than 50 millions of Indians in south America ? Muslims ?? if muslims became Terrorists for killing 3000 in 11Sep,,,so what should we call Americans who killied MILLIONS?
- who was behind the Inquisition? Muslims?!
-Who was behind the Holocaust? Palestinians?
-Who killed and tortured Millions of Blacks in the Name of God and Race? Muslims?
Who took about 180 millions of African people as slaves and 88% of them died and was thrown in Atlantic ocean ? Muslims ??
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_MfLlRLWrE http://www.youtube.com/embed/Q_MfLlRLWrE No , They weren't Muslims!!! First of all, You have to define terrorism properly... If a non-Muslim do something bad..it is crime. But if a Muslim commit same..he is terrorist... So first remove this double standard...then come to the point!!! , . . . . .
The list of invasions is in chronological order with latest first.
2008 invasion of Gaza, by Israel
2008 invasion of Georgia by Russia
2008 invasion of Anjouan by the African Union
2006 invasion of Somalia by Ethiopia
2006 invasion of Lebanon by Israel
2003 invasion of Iraq by United States-led coalition
2001 invasion of Afghanistan by United States-led coalition
1998 invasion of Ethiopia by Eritrea
1994 invasion of Haiti by a multinational force (MNF) led by the United States
1991 invasion of Kuwait and southern Iraq by a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States
1990 invasion of Kuwait by Iraq
1989 invasion of Liberia launched from Côte d'Ivoire by the National Patriotic Front of Liberia
1989 invasion of Panama by the United States
1988 invasion of Spratly Islands by China
1983 invasion of Grenada by the United States and allied Caribbean nations
1982 invasion of Lebanon by Israel
1982 invasion of Falkland Islands initially by Argentine civilians, followed by official Argentina forces
1980 invasion of Iran by Iraq
1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union
1979–1988 invasions of Thailand by Vietnam
1979 invasion of Northern Vietnam by China
1979 invasion of Uganda by Tanzania and Ugandan exiles
1978 invasion of Cambodia by Vietnam, with Soviet support
1978 invasion of Tanzania by Uganda
1978 invasion of Lebanon by Israel
1977 invasion of Cambodia by Vietnam
1977 invasion of Ethiopia by Somalia and Western Somali Liberation Front irregulars
1976 invasion of Paracel Islands by Vietnam
1975 invasion of East Timor by Indonesia
1975 invasion of Spanish Sahara by Morocco
1975 invasion of Poulo Wai Island by Vietnam
1975 invasion of South Vietnam by North Vietnam
1974 invasion of Cyprus by Turkey
1974 invasion of Paracel Islands by China
1973 Invasion of Israel by Egypt and Syria
1972 invasion of South Vietnam by North Vietnam
1971 invasion of East Pakistan by India
1970 invasion of Cambodia by North Vietnam
1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact led by the Soviet Union
1968 invasion of South Vietnam by North Vietnam
1967 invasions of Biafra by Nigeria
1967 invasions of Nigeria by Biafra
1967 invasion of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan by Israel
1965 invasion of Pakistan by India
1965 invasion of India by Pakistan Army and irregulars
1965 invasion of Dominican Republic by United States and OAS
1964 invasion of the Turkish Cypriot Enclave Kokkina by Cyprus and Greece
1962 invasion of India by China
1961 invasion of Netherlands New Guinea by Indonesia
1961 invasion of Goa by India
1961 invasion of Cuba by Cuban allies of the United States, particularly its CIA
1958 invasion of Laos by North Vietnam
1956 invasion of Hungary by the Soviet Union
1956 invasion of Egypt by France, United Kingdom and Israel
1951 invasion of North Korea by United Nations and South Korea
1951 invasion of South Korea by the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and North Korea
1950 invasion of North Korea by United Nations and South Korea
1950 invasion of South Korea by North Korea with Soviet support
1950–1951 invasion of Tibet by China
1948 invasion of Israel by Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi, Egyptian, Transjordanian and other forces
1947 invasion of Kashmir by Pakistan irregulars
1946 invasion of Northern Vietnam by France
1945 invasion of Southern Vietnam by France, with British and Indian support
1945 invasion of Japanese-occupied Vietnam by the Allies
1945 invasion of Japanese-controlled Manchuria and Korea by the Soviet Union
1945 invasion of Japanese Burma by Allied forces
1945 invasion of Okinawa, Japan by the United States
1945 invasion of Poland, Austria and Eastern Germany by the Soviet Union
1945 invasion of Japanese Formosa by the United States
1945 invasion of Iwo Jima, Japan by Allied forces
1944 invasion of Western Germany by Allied forces
1944 invasion of Bulgaria, Yugoslavia by the Soviet Union
1944 invasion of Belgium, the southern Netherlands, Luxembourg, Greece, the Philippines, Albania by Allied forces
1944 invasion of Guam by the United States
1944 invasion of Southern France by the United States, Britain and Free France
1944 invasion of East Asia by Japan
1944 invasion of Normandy, France by the United States, Britain and Canada
1944 invasion of Hungary by Germany
1944 invasion of Marshall Islands by the United States
1943 invasion of Gilberts & Marshall Islands by Japan
1943 invasion of Italy by the United States, Britain and Canada
1943 invasion of Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands by Japan
1943 invasion of Italy (Sicily) by Britain, the United States and Canada
1942 invasion of Vichy French North Africa by the United States, Britain and Free French Forces
1942 invasion of Solomon Islands by the United States, Australia and New Zealand
1942 invasion of Alaska by Japan
1942 invasion of Vichy France by Germany
1942 invasion of Madagascar by Allied forces
1942 invasion of Indonesia by Japan
1942 invasion of New Guinea, Dutch New Guinea and Singapore by Japan
1942 invasion of Solomon Islands by Japan
1941 invasion of Netherlands East Indies, Guam and Borneo by Japan
1941 invasion of Wake Island, Hong Kong and Philippines by Japan
1941 invasion of Malaya and Thailand by Japan
1941 invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany and many other Axis forces (Romania, Finland, Italy, Hungary, Slovakia)
1941 invasion of Vichy Indochina by Thailand
1941 invasion of Iran by the Soviet Union and Britain
1941 invasion of Vichy French Syria and Lebanon by Australian and Free French forces
1941 invasion of Southern French Indochina by Japan
1941 invasion of Greenland and Iceland by the United States
1941 invasion of Yugoslavia by Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania
1941 invasion of Southern Vietnam by Japan
1941 invasion of Portuguese Timor by Australian and Dutch forces
1940 invasion of Albania by Greece
1940 invasion of Egypt, Greece by Italy, Germany and Bulgaria
1940 invasion of Sudan, Kenya, British Somaliland by Italy
1940 invasion of Vietnam by Japan, destroying the French colony
1940 invasion of Iceland by Britain
1940 invasion of Southern France by Italy
1940 invasion of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the Channel Islands and Romania by Germany
1939 invasion of Finland by the Soviet Union
1939 invasion of French and Vietnamese-held Spratly Islands by Japan
1939 invasion of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia by the Soviet Union
1939 invasion of French and Vietnamese-held Paracel Islands by Japan
1939 invasion of Poland by the Soviet Union
1939 invasion of Poland by Germany and Slovakia initiating World War II in Europe
1939 invasion of Japanese Manchuria by the Soviet Union and Mongolia
1939 invasion of Albania by Italy
1938 invasion of the Soviet Union by Japan
1938–1939 invasion of Czechoslovakia by Germany and Hungary
1937 invasion of China by Japan
1935–1936 invasion of Ethiopia by Italy from Italian Eritrea
1931 invasion of Chinese Manchuria by Japan
1923 invasion of Greek Corfu by Italy
1923–1924 invasion of Germany by France and Belgium
1920 invasion of Anatolia by Greece
1920 invasion of Poland by Russia
1919 invasion of Smyrna by Greece
1919 invasion of Ukraine and Belarus by Bolshevik Russia and Poland
1918 invasion of Bolshevik Russia by multiple expeditions from Entente countries
1916 invasion of Romania by Germany
1916 invasion of Vietnam by France
1915 invasion of Russia by Germany and Austria-Hungary
1915 invasion of Montenegro by Austria-Hungary
1915 invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Germany
1915 invasion of Ottoman Empire by the United Kingdom and Russia
1915 invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary
1915 invasion of German South West Africa by South Africa
1914 invasion of Caroline Islands and Marshall Islands by Japan
1914 invasion of France by Germany
1914 invasion of German East Africa by the British Indian Army
1914 invasion of German Tsingtao in China by Japan and the United Kingdom
1914 invasion of German Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands and Marshall Islands by Japan
1914 invasion of German New Guinea by Australia
1914 invasion of German Samoa by New Zealand
1914 invasion of German Kamerun by the United Kingdom, France and Belgium
1914 invasion of Austro-Hungarian Galicia by Russia
1914 invasion of Germany by Russia
1914 invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary
1914 invasion of South Africa by Germany
1914 invasion of German Togoland by France and the United Kingdom
1914 invasion of Alsace by France
1914 invasion of Belgium by Germany
1914 invasion of Luxemburg by Germany
1915 invasion of Haiti by the United States
1912 invasion of Albania by Greece, Serbia, and Montenegro
1912 invasion of Macedonia by the Balkan League (Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria)
1912 invasion of Macedonia by Albania
1911 invasion of Libya by Italy
1910 invasion of Korea by Japan
1910 invasion of Tibet by China
1904 invasion of Russia by Japan
1904 invasion of Tibet by British-Indian army
1900 invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance
1898 invasion of the Philippines by the United States
1898 invasion of Puerto Rico by the United States
1898 invasion of Spanish Cuba by the United States
1897 invasion of Greece by the Ottoman Empire
1897 invasion of Crete by Greece
1895–1896 invasion of Ethiopia by Italy and Italian Eritrean forces
1895 invasion of Chinese Pescadores islands by Japan
1894 invasion of Korea and China by Japan
1893 invasion of Hawaii by the United States
1884 invasion of Chinese Tonkin in North Vietnam by France
1879 invasion of Peru by Chile
1879 invasion of Bolivia by Chile
1878 invasion of Ottoman Turkey by Russia
1877 invasion of Ottoman Bulgaria by Russia, Romania, Finland and Bulgarians
1868 invasion of Abyssinia by Britain and British-Indian forces
1871 invasion of Korea by the United States
1862–1867 invasion of Mexico by France
1866 invasion of Korea by France
1865 invasion of Tonkin, Vietnam by the Black Flags and Yellow Flags
1864 invasion of Peruvian Chincha Islands by Spain
1863 invasion of the United States by the Confederate States
1861–1865 invasions of the Confederate States by the United States
1859 invasion of Lombardy-Venetia by Sardinia-Piedmont and France
1859 invasion of Sardinia-Piedmont by Austria
1858 invasion of Vietnam by France
1856 invasion of China by French-British Alliance
1855 invasion of Ottoman Turkey by Russia
1854–1855 invasions of Finland by the United Kingdom
1854 invasion of Russia by United Kingdom and France
1853 invasion of Wallachia by Ottoman Empire
1853 invasion of Moldavia and Wallachia by Russia
1847 invasion of Tourane, Vietnam by France
1846 invasion of Mexico by United States
1841 invasion of Bolivia by Peru
1841 invasion of Cambodia by Siam and Vietnam
1838 invasion of Peru by Chile and Peruvians
1837 invasion of Peru by Chile
1836 invasion of Chile by exiled ex-President assisted by the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
1834 invasion of Ladakh by Jammu
1833 invasion of Cambodia by Vietnam
1832 invasion of Ottoman Syria by Egypt
1832 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1831 invasion of Cambodia and southern Vietnam by Siam
1830 invasion of Algeria by France
1827 invasion of Laos by Siam
1825 invasion of Greece by Egypt
1814 invasion of the United States by United Kingdom
1813 invasion of Canada by United States
1812 invasions of Canada by United States
1812 invasions of United States by United Kingdom, Canada and Indian allies
1812 invasion of Cambodia by Vietnam
1809 invasion of Sweden by Russia
1808 invasion of Swedish Finland by Russia
1806–1807 invasions of Spanish Río de la Plata basin colonies by United Kingdom
1805 invasion of Tripoli by United States and mercenaries
1813 invasion of France by the United Kingdom, Spain and Portugal
1812 invasion of Russia by France
1810 invasion of French Mauritius by the United Kingdom
1810 invasion of Portugal by France
1809 invasion of Sweden by Russia
1809 invasion of Flanders by the United Kingdom
1808 invasion of Portugal by the United Kingdom
1807 invasion of Portugal by France
1805 invasion of Bavaria by Austria
1800 invasion of Piedmont by France
1799 invasion of Batavian Republic by the United Kingdom and Russia
1799 invasion of French Ionian Islands by Russian and Ottoman Empires
1798 invasion of Vietnam by French forces led by Nguyễn Ánh
1798 invasion of the Kingdom of Ireland by France
1798 invasion of Egypt by France
1795 invasion of France by counter-revolutionary French forces
1795 invasion of Bavaria by France
1794–1795 invasion of Holland by France
1794 invasion of Austrian (Southern) Netherlands by France
1793–1794 invasion of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia by France
1793 invasion of Breda by French forces led by Dumouriez
1792 invasion of Poland by Russia
1792 invasion of Laos by Siam
1789 invasion of Vietnam by Manchu army
1788 invasion of Nepal by China
1788 invasion of Vietnam by China
1788 invasion of Tibet by the Gorkha Kingdom
1784–1785 invasion of Vietnam by Siam
1783 Al Khalifa invasion of Bahrain
1782 invasion of Cambodia by Siam
1778 invasion of Laos by Siam
1775 invasion of Canada by the United States
1774 invasion of Annam by the Vietnamese lord Trịnh Sâm
1769 invasion of Cambodia by Siam
Invasion of Corsica (1768) by France
1765–1767 invasion of Siam by Burma
1757 invasion of Bohemia by Prussia
1756 invasion of Saxony by Prussia
1755 invasion of Cochinchina by Vietnam
1750 invasion of Tibet by China
1749 invasion of Cochinchina by Vietnam
1741 invasion of Spanish Cuba by England
1720 invasion of Tibet by China
1718 invasion of Sicily by Austria with British support
1718 invasion of Sicily by Spain
1717 invasion of Sardinia by Spain
1717 Tatar raids in Transylvania
1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain
1716 invasion of Austria by Ottoman Empire
1716 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1714 invasion of Cochinchina by Vietnam
1707 invasion of Russia by Sweden
1705 invasion of Tibet by Mongols led by Lha-bzang Khan
1700 invasion of Poland by Sweden
1694 invasion of Lan Xang by Vietnam
1693 invasion of Mongolia by China
1692 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1688 invasion of England by the Netherlands
1683 invasion of Formosa by China
1683 invasion of Austria by Ottoman Empire
1677 invasion of Vietnam by a Mạc army
1673 invasion of Poland by Ottoman Turks
1672 invasion of Dutch Republic by France with English support
1670–1671 invasion of Spanish Panama by the English privateer Morgan
1668 invasion of Spanish Panama by the English privateer Morgan
1668 invasion of Spanish Cuba by the English privateer Morgan
1664 invasion of Austria by Ottoman Empire
1655 invasion of western Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Sweden
1654 invasion of eastern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Russia
1653 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1650 invasion of Scotland by England
1647 invasion of Ireland by England
1647 invasion of Crete by Ottoman Empire
1644 invasion of China by Manchurian
1636 invasion of Korea by Manchurian
1630 invasion of Germany by Sweden
1627 invasion of Iceland by Barbary pirates
1627 invasion of Korea by Manchurian
1625 invasion of western England by Barbary pirates
1625 invasion of Ottoman Istanbul by Zaporozhian Cossacks
1621 invasion of Poland by Ottoman Turks
1609 invasion of Russia by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1596 invasion of Austria by the Ottoman Empire
1594 invasion of Cambodia by Siam
1592 invasion of Burma by Siam
1592–1598 invasion of Korea by Japan
1589 invasion of Poland by the Crimean Khanate
1585 invasion of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands by Barbary pirates
1578 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1563–1569 invasion of Siam by Burma
1573 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1572 invasion of Spanish Nombre de Dios by the English privateer Drake
1571 invasion of Russia by Crimean Khanate
1571 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1565 invasion of Malta by Ottoman Empire
1552 invasion of Kazan Khanate by Russia
1548–1549 invasion of Siam by Burma
1537 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1537 invasion of Vietnam by a Ming army
1527–1543 invasion of Ethiopia by Adal Sultanate
1529 invasion of Austria by the Ottoman Empire
1526 invasion of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire
1522 invasion of Rhodes by the Ottoman Empire
1515 invasion of Duchy Of Milan by France
1513 invasion of Duchy Of Milan by Papal-hired Swiss mercenaries and Republic of Venice
1512 invasion of Spain by Barbary pirates
1506 invasion of Poland by Crimean Tatars
1499 invasion of Duchy Of Milan by France
1492 invasion of Granada by Spain
1480 invasion of Rhodes by the Ottoman Empire
1478 invasion of Kingdom of Lan Xang by Vietnam
1471 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1453 invasion of Byzantium by the Ottoman Empire
1446 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1431 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1427 invasion of Vietnam by a Ming army
1421 invasion of Egypt by the Kingdom of Cyprus
1415 invasion of France by the Kingdom of England.[1]
Turkoman invasions of Georgia 1407-1502
1407 invasion of Vietnam by China
1403 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Genoa
1402 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1389 invasion of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire
1389 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1385–1387 invasion of Caucasus and Northwest Iran by the Golden Horde
1382–1383 invasion of Russia by the Golden Horde
1377 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1372 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1361 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1333 invasion of Scotland by "The Disinherited" and England
1332 invasion of Scotland by "The Disinherited" from England
1312 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1300 invasion of Flanders by France
1400–1402 invasion of Iraq, Syria and Anatolia
1399 invasion of Ukraine
1398–1399 invasion of northern India
1394–1396 invasion of Golden Horde (second)
1389–1391 invasion of Golden Horde (first)
1380–1393 invasion of Persia
1370s invasion of Transoxiana and Khwarezm
1297 invasion of Monaco by an Italian army
1296 invasion of Scotland by England
1291 invasion of Acre by the Mamluks
1268 invasion of Antioch by the Mamluks
1246 invasion of Thessaloniki by the Byzantine Empire
1224 invasion of the Kingdom of Thessaloniki by the Byzantine Despotate of Epirus
1218 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1216 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1204 invasion of Thessaloniki by the Fourth Crusade
1204 invasion of Constantinople by Venice and the Fourth Crusade
1203 invasion of Constantinople by Venice and the Fourth Crusade
1202 invasion of Hungary-Croatia by Venice and the Fourth Crusade
Mongol Invasions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1299 invasion of Syria (third invasion)
1293 invasion of Java
1288 raid against Vietnam
1287 raid against Poland
1287 invasion of Vietnam (third attempt)
1285 raid against Bulgaria
1285 raid against Vietnam
1284–1285 invasion of Hungary
1284 invasion of Vietnam (second attempt)
1283 invasion of Kingdom of Champa
1281 invasion of Syria (second invasion)
1281 invasion of Japan
1279 invasion of Southern China
1277, 1287 invasion of Myanmar
1275 raid against Lithuania
1274 raid against Bulgaria
1274 invasion of Japan
1259 invasion of Syria (first invasion)
1259 raid against Lithuania and Poland
1258–1259 invasion of Halych-Volynia
1258 raid against Vietnam
1258 invasion of Baghdad
1257 invasion of Vietnam (first attempt)
1254 invasions of Korea (sixth campaign)
1251–1259 invasion of Persia, Syria and Mesopotamia (Timour)
1251 invasion of Korea (fifth campaign)
1247 invasion of Korea (fourth campaign)
1244 invasion of Anatolia
1242 invasion of Serbia, Bulgaria, Wallachia
1241 invasion of Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, Bohemia, Austria
1240 invasion of Ukraine
1237–1238 invasion of Russia
1235 invasion of Korea (third campaign)
1232 invasion of Korea (second campaign)
1231 invasion of Korea (first campaign)
1222, 1241, 1257, 1292, 1298, 1306, 1327 invasion of India
1220–1224 invasion of Georgians and the Cumans of the Caucasus, the Kuban, Astrakhan, Russia, Ukraine
1218–1220 invasion of Khwarizm (Iran)
1211–1234 invasion of Northern China
1205–1209 invasion of Western China
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1195 invasion of Spain by Almohads
1191 invasion of Jaffa by England (Third Crusade)
1191 invasion of Acre by France, Conrad of Montferrat and England (Third Crusade)
1191 invasion of Cyprus by England (Third Crusade)
1189 invasion of Iconium by the Holy Roman Empire (Third Crusade)
1189 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Ayyubids (Egypt)
1177 invasion of Angkor by Rival Chams based in Central Vietnam
1171, 1173, 1177, 1183, 1187 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Ayyubids (Egypt)
1169 Invasion of Ireland by the Anglo-Normans
1167 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1163, 1164, 1167, 1168 invasion of Egypt by Kingdom of Jerusalem
1132 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1128 invasion of Vietnam by Kingdom of Champa
1115–1118 invasion of Egypt by Kingdom of Jerusalem
1113 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks
1104 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1102,1103,1105 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Egypt
1099 invasion of Jerusalem by the First Crusade
1097–1098 invasion of Antioch by the First Crusade
1091 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Petchenegs
1086 Invasion of Spain by Almoravids
1085 invasion of Antioch by the Seljuk Turks
1080s invasions of the Georgian Kingdom by the Seljuk Turks
1075 invasion of China by Vietnam
1074–1075 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1071 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Seljuk Turks
1069 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1068 invasion of Egypt by the Seljuk Turks
1066 invasion of England by Norwegian and Norman forces
1044 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1043 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1028–1029 invasion of Norway by Canute the Great from Anglo-Saxon England
1020 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1019 invasion of Kyushu, Japan by Jurchen pirates
1018 invasion of Lanka (Sri Lanka) by Cholas
1015–1016 invasion of Anglo-Saxon England by Danish, Norwegian, Jomsviking and Polish forces led by Canute the Great
993–1019 invasion of Korea by Khitan
982 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
981 invasion of Vietnam by Song forces
969 invasion of Antioch by the Byzantine Empire
968 invasion of Kievan Rus by Petchenegs
955 invasion of Germany by Magyars
938 invasion of Vietnam by Southern Han forces
914, 919, 969 invasions of Egypt by Tunisian Fatimids
870 invasion of Malta by Arabs from Sicily
793 invasion of Britain by Vikings
Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor (782) by Arabs
772 invasion of Saxony by Charlemagne
732 invasion of France by Arabs
718 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Arabs
711–718 invasion of Visigothic Hispania by a Moorish army of the second caliphate
651 invasion of Champa and Vietnam by the third caliphate
645–668 invasion of Korea by China
642–711 invasion of Algeria by the Umayyads
639–641 invasion of Egypt by the second caliphate
636 invasion of Antioch by the second caliphate
633–651 invasion of Sassanid Empire by the first caliphate
602 invasion of Vietnam by a Sui army
600 invasion of Antioch by the Byzantine Empire
586 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Persia
598–614 invasion of Korea by China
544 invasion of Vietnam by Chen Baxian
543 invasion of Vietnam by Kingdom of Champa
540 invasion of Antioch by Persia
520 or 525 invasion of Yemen by Ethiopia (Kingdom of Aksum)
429 invasion of the Iberian peninsula by the Visigoths
409 invasion of the Iberian peninsula by Vandals and Alans
409 invasion of the NW of the Iberian peninsula by Suebians
406 invasion of Gallia by Vandals, Alans and Suebians
363 invasion of Persia by the Roman Empire
349 invasion of Meroe by Ethiopia (Kingdom of Aksum)
249 invasion of Roman Empire by Persia
43 AD invasion of Vietnam by a Han army
43 AD invasion of Britain by the Roman Empire
56 and 55 BC invasions of Britain by the Roman Republic
58 and 57 BC invasions of France (Gaul) by the Roman Republic
65 BC invasion of Georgia (Colchis and Iberia) by the Roman Republic
111 BC invasion of Vietnam by a Han army
121 BC invasion of France (Celtic Gaul) by the Roman Empire
149 BC invasion of Carthago by the Roman Empire
208 BC invasion of Vietnam by China
218 BC invasion of Vietnam by a Qin army
219 BC invasion of Lusitania by the Roman Empire
221 BC invasion of Vietnam by Qin Shi Huang
258 BC invasion of Vietnam by Âu Việt tribe led by Thục Phán
279 BC invasion of Balkans by Gauls
The planet’s history of violence over 4,000 years in one simple map
A new ‘geography of violence’ map reveals where in the world major battles in the past 4,000 years have taken place
Regulation of Family Affairs
The sūrah also outlines themeasures to be taken in order to protect this social institution against the effects of quarrels and disputes so as to eliminate, as far as possible, any negative effects that could destroy it. Men shall take full care of women with the bounties with which God has favoured some of them more abundantly than others, and with what they may spend of theirown wealth. The righteous women are devout, guarding the intimacy which God has ordained to be guarded. (Verse 34)
Before we comment on these verses and outline their psychological and social objectives we need to speak briefly about the Islamic view of the institution of the family and its method of building, protecting and promoting it.
God, who has created mankind, is the One who has made duality part of man’s nature, as it is indeed ingrained in all creation: “And of everything We have created pairs, so that you may bear in mind [that God alone is One].” (51: 49) He then willed to make the human pair two halves of the same soul: “Mankind, fear your Lord, who has created you from a single soul, and from it created its mate.” (Verse 1)
Part of His purpose behind the meeting between the two halves of the same soul is that it should lead to peaceful existence and be a comfort to body and soul. It is also a means to protect purity and chastity and provides a secure, clean way for human reproduction and the continuity and promotion of human life, under the watchful care of parents.
Different verses in the Qur’ān stress these facts:
“Among His signs is that He creates for you mates from among yourselves, so that you might incline towards them, and He engenderslove and compassion between you.” (30: 21)
“They are as a garment to you as you are to them.” (2: 187)
“Your wives are your tilth; go, then, to your tilth as you may desire, but prepare well for yourselves and fear God.” (2: 223)
“Believers, ward off from yourselves and your families that fire [of the hereafter] whose fuel is human beings and stones.” (66: 6)
“As for the believers whose offspring will have followed them in faith, We shall unite them with their offspring; and We shall not let aught of their deeds go to waste.” (52: 21)
Because the two mates are two halves of the same soul, they stand in the same position in God’s sight. Since God has given mankind a position of honour, He has honoured women, assigning to them the same reward for their good deeds, the same rights of ownership and inheritance, and the same rights of independence.
Similarly, as regards the great responsibility of the family, which results from the meeting of the two halves of the same soul, God has taken care to detail a complete set of elaborate measures which regulate all aspects of the family institution and all its affairs.
Together, these measures provide a complete and perfect system for the family. Their comprehensive outlook and attention to detail reflect the great importance Islam attaches to this crucial institution.
We hope that the reader may recall what we have said in earlier volumes about the length of the childhood period
With this in mind, the next verse makes it clear that the man is in charge of the family institution, as God has given him the necessary qualities and training to undertake this task and assigned to him the duty of meeting the family’s living expenses. It also outlines man’s additional task to protect the family against collapse as a result of fleeting whims, delineating the way to deal with these, should they occur. It also explains other “external” measures to which recourse may be made when all “internal” efforts have failed, and a total breakdown threatens not only the spouses but also the young ones who are more vulnerable. We will now look at these measures in some detail. The Partner in Charge Men shall take full care of women with the bounties with which God has favoured some of them more abundantly than others, and with what they may spend of their own wealth. (Verse 34)
We have already said that the family is the first institution in human life in the sense that its influence is felt at every stage of human life. Moreover, it derives its importance from the fact that it is within the family that man, the most noble of all creatures according to the Islamic concept of life, is brought up. The running and administration of much inferior institutions, such as those engaged in financial,industrial and commercial affairs is normally assigned to those who are most qualified for the job by their education, training and natural abilities. It is only logical that the same rule be applied to the family, the institution that looks after the upbringing of the noblest creature in the universe, namely, man.
The Divine code of living takes human nature into consideration, as well as the natural abilities given to both man and woman to enable them to discharge the duties assigned to each of them. It maintains justice in the distribution of duties, giving to each of them only the type of duties to which they are suited.
Needless to say, both man and woman are the creation of God, who does not wish to do injustice to anyone He has created. Indeed, He gives each of His creatures the abilities and talents that befit the duties assigned to them.
God has created human beings as males and females, following the “dual” rule which is central to the system of creation. He has given the woman the great tasks of childbearing, breast-feeding and looking after her children. These are not tasks which can be fulfilled without careful preparation, physically, psychologically, and mentally. It is only just, therefore, that the other part, i.e. the man, should be assigned the task of providing the essential needs and the protection required for the woman to fulfill her highly important duties. She could not be given all those tasks and still be required to work in order to earn her living. It is only fair as well that the man be given the physical, mental and psychological qualities which enable him to fulfill his duties in the same way as the woman is given the abilities to fulfill hers. All this is clearly seen in real human life, because God maintains absolute justice among all.
Among the qualities the woman has been given are tenderness, quick reaction, and an instinctive response to the needs of children, without the need for much deliberation and reflection. The essential human need of even a single individual are not left to be deliberated upon at leisure. Response to them is made instinctively, so that they may be met more or less involuntarily. There is no external compulsion in this. It is an impulsive reaction, which the woman mostly enjoys despite the fact that it requires sacrifice from her. This is part of God’s work, which is always perfect.
These are not superficial qualities. Indeed, they are implanted in the woman’s physical, mental and psychological constitution. Some leading scientists believe that they are present in each cell in the woman’s constitution, because they are rooted in the first cell that multiplies to form the foetus and the child.
On the other hand, among the qualities a man is given are toughness, slow reaction and response, as well as proper thought and reflection before action. All his functions, from the early days of being a hunter- gatherer, to fighting for the protection of his wife and children, to earning his living in any way, require some deliberation and consideration before taking a decision and implementing it. These qualities are also deeply rooted in man’s constitution.
Man’s qualities make him more able and better equipped to take charge of the family. Similarly, his duty to support his family, as part of that general distribution of functions, makes him more suited to overall authority. That is because earning his family’s living is part of being in charge. Moreover, looking after the finances of the family is closer to his family duties.
In highlighting these two elements, the Qur’ān states that in Islamic society men are required to look after women. It is an assignment of duties on the basis of natural abilities and the fair distribution of responsibilities. Each party is assigned the duties most suited to its nature.
The man has the proper natural abilities to take charge of the family affairs, a role essential for the proper progress of human life. It is a simple fact that one party is properly equipped for this role and assigned the duty to play it while the other is not.
Hence, it is totally unfair that the latter party should be required, in any situation, to take up these responsibilities in addition to its own. If women are given the necessary practical and scientific training to fulfil these duties, then their ability to play the other role, i.e. that of motherhood, is undermined.
These very serious questions should not be left to human beings to determine at will. When they have been left to human beings to decide, in both past and modern societies, the very existence of mankind was threatened and essential human qualities which distinguish man from other creatures were in danger of extinction.
There is plenty of evidence to demonstrate that the rules of human nature force themselves on man, even when people deny them altogether. One aspect of this is the decline in the quality of human life and the serious danger to which it is exposed whenever this rule, which gives man the task and the authority to look after the family, has been violated. Such violation leads to confusion within the family, and is bound to have serious repercussions.
Moreover, women prefer for the man to assume authority and responsibility for the family. Many women worry, feel dissatisfied and unhappy, when they live with men who relinquish their role for any reason. Even women who try to challenge the man’s role readily admit to this.
Another example of the social repercussions brought about by this unnatural family situation is one whereby children suffer from instability. This happens when the father does not play his role, either because of his weak character which allows the mother to overshadow or control him, or because of his early death or in one-parent families. This, in turn, can lead to mental perversion and behavioural deviation.
These are only a few examples through which human nature indicates its presence and the need to organise human life according to its laws.
To elaborate more on the role of the man as the one in charge of the family and its justification is beyond the scope of this commentary. What we need to state here, however, is that it does not by any means lead to the negation of the woman’s character and role in the family home and in society at large. Nor does it mean the cancellation of her civil status. It simply defines her role within the family and how it is run. This is necessary, because the family is a very important institution, and one which must be protected and maintained. In any institution, the observance of certain values does not mean the abrogation of the character or the rights of the partners or the workers. Islam defines the role of the man and what his being in charge means, as well as his duties as the one who takes care of his family, protects it and earns its living. In Recognition of Women’s Virtues
Men shall take full care of women with the bounties with which God has favoured some of them more abundantly than others, and with what they may spend of their own wealth. The righteous women are devout, guarding the intimacy which God has ordained to be guarded. (Verse 34)
The verse moves on to explain the qualities of righteous women, their behaviour and duties within the family. “The righteous women are devout, guarding the intimacy which God has ordained to be guarded” (Verse 34) It is, then, in the nature of the righteous, believing woman and part of her essential characteristics to be devoted and obedient. Devotion means willing obedience, motivated by love, not the sort of obedience enforced against one’s will. Hence, the Qur’ān uses the term “devout”, or qānitāt to stress its pleasant psychological connotations, which fit perfectly with the sort of affectionate and compassionate relationship which exists between man and woman, the two parts of the single soul from which all mankind descend. Islam stresses that this relationship is essential in the family home where young ones are reared.
It is also part of the nature and essential characteristics of a devoted, believing woman to guard the sanctity of her relationship with her husband. This she maintains in his presence as well as in his absence. She does not reveal what belongs only to him, as one half of the single soul which combines both of them, even inasmuch as a passing look, let alone a full dishonourable relationship. What is forbidden to reveal is decided neither by him nor by her. It is determined by God. It is “the intimacy which God has ordained to be guarded”. It is not a matter of pleasing a husband or allowing what he does not mind to be revealed or what society requires to be exposed, should the husband or society deviate from the Divine code of living.
There is only one rule to determine the limits of what must be guarded. She has to guard that “which God has ordained to be guarded”.
We note that the Qur’ān does not put this in the imperative form. It places much stronger emphasis on it by saying that this guardianship is part of the nature of righteous women and one of their essential characteristics. This statement exposes the flimsiness of the excuses advanced by some mentally defeated Muslims advocating ways and methods that are certain to lead to the collapse of the family only because these are practised in other communities. What must be guarded, willingly and obediently, is that which God has ordered to be guarded.
The ones who are not righteous are described here as rebellious. Their rebellion is given a physical description derived from standing on a high position to declare their mutiny. Islam does not wait for such a rebellion to take place, nor for the roles to become so confused that the family institution splits into two camps. When the situation reaches that point, it is almost impossible to sort out. The treatment must be administered before the rebellion gathers momentum. Once rebellion establishes its roots, the family home is deprived of the peace and affection necessary for the upbringing of children. The whole setup collapses and the young become the victims divided between the two parents or brought up in an atmosphere which makes the family home a fertile place for psychological, mental and physical disorders to multiply and a suitable place for perversion to establish itself.
It is, then, a very serious matter. Gradual treatment must be administered when the early signs of rebellion become apparent. In order to preserve the family and protect it from destruction, the one who is placed in charge is allowed to take some disciplinary steps that are often effective. He does not take them as retaliatory measures or to humiliate or torture his partner, but to achieve reconciliation and preserve the family in the very early stages of dispute. When Family Life Is Endangered As for those women from whom you have reason to fear rebellion, admonish them [first]; then leave them alone in bed; then beat them. Then, if they pay you heed, do not seek any pretext to harm them. God is indeed Most High, Great. (Verse 34)
Before we consider these measures and how they progress from one stage to another, we need to remember what we have already said about the honour God gives to both men and women, giving women their rights for which they are qualified by being human. We should also remember that a Muslim woman retains her independent civil status. The fact that the man is placed in charge of the family does not deprive the woman of her right to choose her partner and to administer her personal and financial affairs. This, as also the great importance Islam attaches to the family, helps us to understand clearly why these disciplinary measures have been allowed and the nature of their application.
They are indeed pre-emptive measures aimed at achieving an early reconciliation when rebellion is feared. There is no question of trying to aggravate the situation or increase hatred. There is no battle between the man and the woman. These measures are not aimed at knocking the woman on the head when she begins to rebel and confining her again to her prison cell. No such thoughts are ever condoned by Islam.
They might have crept into the traditions of certain societies at certain stages. Such measures, however, are an indication that mankind, not merely one sex, have sunk to a very low depth. In Islam the situation is widely different in form, substance and aim.
“As for those women from whom you have reason to fear rebellion, admonish them (first).” (Verse 34)
Admonition, then, is the first stage. It is a responsibility of the one who is in charge of the family to admonish against untoward tendencies. Such admonition is required in a variety of situations: “Believers, ward off from yourselves and your families that fire [of the hereafter] whose fuel is human beings and stones.” (66: 6) In this particular instance, admonition has a definite aim, which is to treat the symptoms of rebellion before it develops and takes root.
In some cases, admonition may not bring about the desired results. This is possibly because of strongly held views, uncontrolled reactions, too much consciousness of one’s beauty, wealth, family position or the like. Any of these reasons may make a wife forget that she is a partner in an institution, not an adversary in a contest. At this stage the second measure is employed, which is in effect a gesture of dignity, stressing that everything in which a certain woman takes pride, such as beauty or wealth, to stress her superiority does not count for much with him:
“ Then leave them alone in bed.” (Verse 34)
It is in bed that a woman’s temptation is most effective. A rebellious, self-conscious woman exercises her true power. When a man is able to overcome this temptation, he deprives the woman of her most effective weapon. In the majority of cases, a woman becomes more ready to give way when the man demonstrates a good measure of will-power in the most difficult of situations. There are, however, certain rules that apply as to how this measure is taken. It is confined to the room where the couple is alone. It should not be taken in front of the children, this so that they are not adversely affected by it. Nor can it be exercised in front of strangers, because it becomes very humiliating for the woman who may, consequently, be hardened in her rebellion. This is a measure which aims at dealing with rebellion, and does not aim to humiliate the wife or to bring about a bad influence on the children.
Nevertheless, this measure may not be effective in certain cases. Are we, then, to leave the family institution to collapse? There is another measure, admittedly more severe, but it may protect the family:
“Then beat them.” (Verse 34)
When we remember the aim behind all these measures, we realise that this beating is not a form of torture motivated by seeking revenge or humiliating an opponent. Nor is it aimed at forcing the wife to accept life under all unsatisfactory conditions. It is rather a disciplinary measure akin to the punishment a father or a teacher may impose on wayward children. Needless to say, there is no question of any of these measures being resorted to in the case of a healthy relationship between a man and his wife. They are preventive measures taken in an unhealthy situation in order to protect the family against collapse.
When neither admonition nor banishment from one’s bed is effective, the situation may need a different type of remedy. Practical and psychological indications suggest that in certain situations this measure may be the appropriate one to remedy a certain perversion and to bring about satisfaction. Even when such a pathological perversion exists, a woman may not sufficiently feel the man’s strength for her to accept his authority within the family, at least not unless he overcomes her physically. This is by no means applicable to all women. What we are saying is that such women do exist and that Islam considers this measure a last resort used necessarily to safeguard the family. We have to remember here that these measures are stipulated by the Creator, who knows His creation. No counter argument is valid against what the One who knows all and is aware of all things says. Indeed to stand against what God legislates may lead to a rejection of the faith altogether. What we have to understand is that God has laid down these measures within a context that describes, in absolute clarity, their nature and aim and the intention behind them.
Hence, mistaken concepts developing in periods of ignorance cannot be ascribed to Islam. In such periods, a man may become a jailer and a woman a slave under the pretext of following religious teachings. It may also happen that the man and the woman may exchange roles or that both of them are transformed into a third sex which is midway between man and woman claiming that this is the result of a new understanding of religious teachings. All such situations are not difficult to distinguish from the true sense and proper guidance of Islam.
These disciplinary measures have been approved of in order to deal with early signs of rebellion and before attitudes are hardened. At the same time, they are accompanied by stern warnings against misuse.
The practical example given by the Prophet in his treatment of his own family and his verbal teachings and directives serve as a restraint against going to excess in either direction.
The Prophet answers Mu`āwiyah ibn Ĥaydah, who asked him what rights a wife may claim against her husband, by saying:
“To provide her with food when you eat, and with clothes when you dress. You are not allowed to slap her on her face, insult her or banish her from your bed anywhere except at home.” (Related by al-Tirmidhī, Abū Dāwūd, al-Nasā’ī and Ibn Mājah.)
The Prophet is reported to have given this general directive: “ Do not beat up the women servants of God.” `Umar later went to the Prophet and said that many women had become rebellious. The Prophet then allowed that they be beaten. Many women then came to the Prophet with complaints against their husbands. The Prophet addressed his Companions saying: “Many women have called at Muĥammad’s home complaining against their husbands. Certainly these men are not the best among you.” (Related by Abū Dāwūd, al- Nasā’ī and Ibn Mājah.)
The Prophet portrays this horrid picture of a man who beats up his wife: “Do not beat your wife like you beat your camel, for you will he flogging her early in the day and taking her to bed at night.”
He also says:
“The best among you are those who are best to their family, and I am the best of you to my family.” (Related by al-Tirmidhīand al- Ţabarānī.)
Taken in their proper context, these reports and directives give us a good idea of the conflict that existed in the early days of Islam between old habits inherited from the days of ignorance and Islamic directives. The same sort of conflict also took place in all other spheres before the new Islamic order managed finally to impress its values on human conscience.
God has, however, defined a limit when such measures must stop. Once the objective is reached with any one of these measures, then recourse to them is over: “Then, if they pay you heed, do not seek any pretext to harm them. God is indeed Most High, Great.” (Verse 34)
The aim is, thus, stated clearly: it is obedience based on positive response, not forced obedience. This latter type of obedience is not suited to the establishment of a healthy family. Moreover, the Qur’ānic verse states clearly that to continue to resort to any of these measures after the goal of obedience is achieved takes the husband beyond his allowed limits: “Do not seek any pretext to harm them.” (Verse 34) This prohibition is followed by a reminder of the greatness of God so that people submit to His directives and repress any feeling of might or arrogance which they mayentertain.
so this verse came down, and he clarified even more saying:
خَيْرُكُمْ خَيْرُكُمْ لأَهْلِهِ وَأَنَا خَيْرُكُمْ لأَهْلِي
The best of you is the best to your wives, and I'm the best to my wives
And I can keep posting examples, such as in the Qur'an
وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِنْ كَرِهْتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَى أَنْ
تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئاً وَيَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيْراً كَثِيراً
And live with them honorably, if you dislike them, perhaps you dislike a
thing which Allah brings through a great deal of good 4:19
The prophet went on to say about spending money, and emphasizing the treatment of wives
وإنك لن تنفق نفقة إلا أجرت عليها حتى اللقمة ترفعها إلى في امرأتك
And you never spend in the way of good and are not rewarded even if it is simply lifting food into your wife's mouth
He said
اسْتَوْصُوا بِالنِّسَاءِ خَيْرًا
I enjoin the good treatment of women
So again I must ask how do we reconcile this? The prophet is literally saying treat women good, he's literally saying if you touch them you cannot hurt them, the Quran is giving wives rights for the first time over their husbands
I disagree with using the word "beating" for this ayah
The word "idribuhuna" does not mean to beat up the wife.
It means to hit her lightly (avoiding the face because hitting the face is forbeddin in Islam) a hitting that is ghayr mubarrih, which does not cause harm to the body, like bruising or breaking a bone.
حدثنا المثنى قال حدثنا حبان بن موسى قال أخبرنا ابن المبارك قال أخبرنا ابن عيينة عن ابن جريج عن عطاء قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في خطبته : ضربا غير مبرح قال : السواك ونحوه
the messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said in a khutba [public speech/address]the beating is without harmingand said by Siwakand the like
حدثنا القاسم قال حدثنا الحسين قال حدثني حجاج قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم :لا تهجروا النساء إلا في المضاجعواضربوهن ضربا غير مبرح يقول : غيرمؤثر
the messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم
said do not abandon women except in bed [don't leave them without support]and beating is a non-harming beating and said that is can't be felt/sensed
Ata' said: "I asked Ibn Abbas: 'What is the hitting that is ghayr al-mubarrih?' He replied: '[With] the siwak and the like'." Narrated by al-Tabari in his Tafsir.
And this is the last resort for the husband.
This fits with the Qur’ānic method of combining temptation with warning:
“God is indeed Most High, Great.”
Last Resort to Save Troubled Marriages . All the measures so discussed apply in a situation where rebellion has not yet taken place. These measures are meant to deal with its early signs. When rebellion is brought out into the open, these measures are useless. At that stage there is a war between two hostile parties, each of them going out to smash the other. Similarly, these measures should not be used if it is felt that they will be ineffective or even counterproductive. In all such situations, Islam recommends a different process of saving this great institution, the family, from collapse:
“If you have reason to fear that a breach may occur between a (married) couple, appoint an arbiter from among his people and an arbiter from among her people. If they both want to set things aright, God will bring about their reconciliation. God is indeed All-Knowing, Aware of all things.” (Verse 35)
The Islamic method, then, does not favour an early split when signs of rebellion and hostility begin to appear. Nor does it approve that this institution be left to collapse over the heads of its other members who may be caught in a situation over which they have no control. This institution is very dear to Islam because it supplies the society with its new members whom it needs for its continued development and progress. Islam recommends that this last measure be resorted to when a breach is feared, not after it takes place. An arbiter from each of the two families of the husband and the wife meet in a friendly atmosphere, away from the influences which have caused the relationship between the husband and the wife to be strained and free from all the complications which overshadow the constructive elements in the life of the family. These arbiters must be keen to protect the reputation of both families. They care for the welfare of the children. Neither of them may entertain thoughts of forcing a submission by the other party. They must try to achieve what is best for the husband, the wife and their children.
They must also keep the family secrets because they belong to the two immediately concerned families. Neither of them has an interest in publicising these secrets. Indeed, it is in their interest to keep them secret, unknown to other people.The arbiters meet in order to try to achieve reconciliation. If the man and his wife truly desire such a reconciliation, but are only prevented from doing so by strong feelings of anger, then a serious effort by the arbiters will he successful, with God’s help: “If they both want to set things aright, God will bring about their reconciliation.”
(Verse 35) Their own desire to bring about reconciliation is endorsed by God, who responds favourably to their serious wish. This is the relationship between people’s efforts and God’s will. It is indeed by God’s will that events take place in people’s lives. People, however, are free to try and exert efforts. The end result is decided by
God on the basis of His knowledge of people’s inner secrets and His awareness of what is best for them: “God is indeed All-Knowing, Aware of all things.” (Verse 35)
Having studied this passage, we have now a good idea of the seriousness with which Islam views the relationship between man and woman and the institution of the family and the social ties that are established through the family. We can see how Islam has taken care to organise this highly important aspect of human life in order to elevate mankind to the high standard achievable only by the implementation of Divine guidance. That is indeed the only true and right guidance.
Imam Sayed Kutb
---------------------
I went to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) and asked him: What do you say (command) about our wives? He replied: Give them food what you have for yourself, and clothe them by which you clothe yourself, and do not beat them, and do not revile them. (Sunan Abu-Dawud, Book 11, Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah), Number 2139)"
Narrated Abu Huraira: "Allah's Apostle said, 'The strong is not the one who overcomes the people by his strength, but the strong is the one who controls himself while in anger.(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Good Manners and Form (Al-Adab), Volume 8, Book 73, Number 135)"
Narrated Abu Huraira: "A man said to the Prophet ,
'Advise me! 'The Prophet said, 'Do not become angry and furious.' The
man asked (the same) again and again, and the Prophet said in each
case, 'Do not become angry and furious.'(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Good Manners and Form (Al-Adab), Volume 8, Book 73, Number 137)"
Abu Huraira reported: "I heard Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) as saying: One is not strong because of one's
wrestling skillfully. They said: Allah's Messenger, then who is strong?
He said: He who controls his anger when he is in a fit of rage.(Translation
of Sahih Muslim, The Book of Virtue, Good Manners and Joining of the
Ties of Relationship (Kitab Al-Birr was-Salat-I-wa'l-Adab), Book 032,
Number 6314)"
Allah Almighty loves those who restrain anger: "Those who spend (freely), whether in prosperity, or in adversity; who restrain anger, and pardon (all) men; for Allah loves those who do good. (The Noble Quran, 3:134)"
Narrated Mu'awiyah ibn Haydah: "I
said: Apostle of Allah, how should we approach our wives and how should
we leave them? He replied: Approach your tilth when or how you will,
give her (your wife) food when you take food, clothe when you clothe
yourself, do not revile her face, and do not beat her.(Sunan Abu-Dawud, Book 11, Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah), Number 2138)"
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: "He
who believes in Allah and the Hereafter, if he witnesses any matter he
should talk in good terms about it or keep quiet. Act kindly towards
woman, for woman is created from a rib, and the most crooked part of the
rib is its top. If you attempt to straighten it, you will break it,
and if you leave it, its crookedness will remain there. So act kindly towards women.(Translation of Sahih Muslim, The Book of Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah), Book 008, Number 3468)
"O ye who believe! Ye are forbidden to inherit women against their will. Nor should ye treat them with harshness, that ye may take away part of the dower [money given by the husband to the wife for the marriage contract] ye have given them, except where they have been guilty of open lewdness;on the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and equity. If ye take a dislike to them it may be that ye dislike a thing, and God brings about through it a great deal of good. (The Noble Quran, 4:19)"
Firstly Islam forbids
hitting anyone on the face. This is established by the following hadith
of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) Narrated by Abu Hurraira: " Avoid striking the face, for Allah created Adam in his image."(Muslim and al-Bukhari). So to slap ones wife is forbidden in Islam.
If
the wife committs indecency or becomes rebellious against her husband
then only in exceptional circumstances and as a last resort when all
else has failed is it is permissable for the husband to lightly strike
her but it is forbidden to cause her any injury, similar to the proper
disciplining of a child. It is never lawful for him to strike her face
or cause her any bruise or injury. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam) said regarding this:
"So
beware of Allah regarding women for you have taken them as a trust
from Allah and you have made their bodies lawful with the word of
Allah. You have the right over them that they should not allow anyone
on your furnishings who you dislike. If they do that, hit them in a way
which causes no injury. And, they have the right over you to provision and clothing according to custom." (Bukhari & Muslim)
So the hitting is subject to the condition that it should not be harsh or cause injury. Al-Hasan al-Basri said:this means that it should not cause pain.
‘Ata’(Ra) said: I said to Ibn ‘Abbaas, what is the kind of hitting that is not harsh? He said, Hitting with a siwaak and the like. [A siwaak is a small stick or twig used for cleaning the teeth - Translator]
The
purpose behind this is not to hurt or humiliate the woman, rather it
is intended to make her realize that she has transgressed against her
husband’s rights, and that her husband has the right to set her straight
and discipline her.
Also one must keep in mind that
hitting the wife is ONLY if she is doing something very wrong and you
have already tried to speak to her about it, and that has failed, AND
you have abandoned her bed and that has failed, ONLY then is it permissible to hit her lightly, as a last resort.
In
no way does Islam allow men to hit out at their wives in a moment of
anger, to take out their frustration on them or simply because he felt
like it, as some people wrongly claim. As Muslims we must protect the
sanctity of our religion and also it is upon us to protect women from
abusive husbands - we therefore must be very assertive in establishing
the fact that NO, Islam does not in anyway way allow a man to abuse his
wife!
It
is a fact that our beloved Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) never
hit nor did he even ever shout at any of his wives or servants. He was
the best towards his wives and was the perfect example for mankind. The
Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) stated:
"The best among you is the one who is the best towards his wife"
(Hadith - Muslim, #3466)
So a Muslim must be the best towards his wife and must never hurt nor injure her whether mentally nor physically.
And Allah knows best in all matters
So, Does muslim countries allow wife beating ?
Wife-beating husband gets 30 lashes
A man in Saudi Arabia who beat up his wife
so badly that he left bruises on her face has been sentenced to 30
lashes, ten days of community services and ten days of training on the
art of treating women at a specialized institute.
The court in Al Qatif in the
Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia said that the lashes would be given in a
public place while community services would be “volunteered” for three
hours a day at a hospital in the city of Dammam on the shores of the
Arabian Gulf. A report by the hospital manager will be included in the
case file to be submitted to the court at the end of the services.
In his verdict, the judge
ruled that the accused would sit for a written exam at the end of the
training on how a husband should treat his wife, with the final score
submitted to the court, local news site Sabq reported on Wednesday.
The case reached the court after the battered wife complained to the police in Al Qatif.
Husband to be flogged for slapping wife in Saudi Arabia
Manama: A man in Saudi Arabia charged with slapping his wife was sentenced to 10 days in prison and 30 lashes.
The court in Al Qateef in the Eastern Province said that the wife could
witness the flogging in retribution for the physical pain her husband
caused her, Saudi daily Al Sharq reported on Wednesday.
The husband will also have to take part in special sessions on marriage
counseling and on how to treat and deal with spouses, the judge ruled.
According to the court documents, the wife, in her 30s, filed the case
after her husband slapped her on the face during an argument.
He admitted the act, arguing that she had been impolite with his relatives, the daily said.
The question that the anti Islam pushers bring up is the right to do so, saying it's wrong,and
it is frowned upon in Islam, but the man has been given more strength
than the woman so it makes sense that one will be given the
responsibility to ensure order, if the Quran said to women, if you
fear disobedience on your husband's part,1,2,3 ......beat them. even
the atheists would laugh. and if it instructed the children to correct their parents in such a way it would also be laughable.
This is the last step mentioned and there is always the option of divorce.
The
so called western "civilizations" also have the same type of law, but
they delegate it to the politicians and army and cops i.e the state
holds authority to practice violence but citizens don't, even minor
cases are often seized upon as a threat to their authority.
it is called "monopoly on violence", and the governments claim that only they have a right to practice such an action.
i'm
sure an arab would laugh if you told them that it is ok for them to
call the police to taser their wife or slam her onto the floor face
first and sit on her or on his children.
but that is exactly the type of thing that happens.
See the blood pouring out of her head? that's not allowed in Islam, even by the husband.
---------
Quran vs Bible on beating women :
Bible allowing to beat and kill a disobedient child!
It's
ironic how Christians bring up, Muslims men can beat their wives, when
in reality they dismiss their very own bible which states, a father is
allowed to beat and kill his disobedient child.
Do not withhold
discipline from a child; although you strike him with a rod, he will not
die. Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from
hell. (proverbs 23:13-14)
👉🏼Bible says kill women not only beat them😨😳
○Kill Women Who Are Not Virgins On Their Wedding Night: (Deuteronomy 22:20-21)
○Kill Men, Women, and Children: (Ezekiel 9:5-7)
○Kill Old Men and Young Women: (Jeremiah 51:20-26)
👉🏼The Concept of Beating women in the Bible:
"Young
people take pride in their strength, but the gray hairs of wisdom are
even more beautiful. A severe beating can knock all of the evil out of
you! (From the Contemporary English Version (CEV) Bible, Proverbs
20:29-30)"
"Hatred stirs up trouble; love overlooks the wrongs
that others do. If you have good sense, it will show when you speak. But
if you are stupid, you will be beaten with a stick. If you have good
sense, you will learn all you can, but foolish talk will soon destroy
you. (From the Contemporary English Version (CEV) Bible, Proverbs
10:12-14)"
"A curse you don’t deserve will take wings and fly
away like a sparrow or a swallow. Horses and donkeys must be beaten and
bridled— and so must fools. Don’t make a fool of yourself by answering a
fool. (From the Contemporary English Version (CEV) Bible, Proverbs
26:2-4)"
Beating here is open for anyone who is deemed to have
evil in them, and/or is acting stupid and is a fool. The Bible doesn't
object to the concepts of beating and disciplining of any individual who
is in the wrong, and who is deemed to be deserving to it
▪︎▪︎▪︎ 👉🏼Parable about Beating in Bible:
"Athletes
work hard to win a crown that cannot last, but we do it for a crown
that will last forever. I don’t run without a goal. And I don’t box by
beating my fists in the air. I keep my body under control and make it my
slave, so I won’t lose out after telling the good news to others.
▪︎ (From the Contemporary English Version (CEV) Bible, 1 Corinthians 9:25-27)"
"If
that happens, the master will come on a day and at a time when the
servant least expects him. That servant will then be punished and thrown
out with the servants who cannot be trusted. If servants are not ready
or willing to do what their master wants them to do, they will be beaten
hard. But servants who don’t know what their master wants them to do
will not be beaten so hard for doing wrong. If God has been generous
with you, he will expect you to serve him well. But if he has been more
than generous, he will expect you to serve him even better.
▪︎ (From the Contemporary English Version (CEV) Bible, Luke 12:46-48)"
👉🏼Bible that put women under the authority and judgment of men and gives women punishments:
Man
is clearly the ruler and the lord of the woman:Genesis 3:16 "To the
woman he said, "I will greatly increase your pains in childbearing; with
pain you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your
husband, and he will rule over you.""
▪︎1 Corinthians 11:6-7
6
If a woman does not cover her head, she should have her hair cut off;
and if it is a disgrace for a woman to have her hair cut or shaved off,
she should cover her head.
7 A man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but the woman is the glory of man."
👉🏼The man is allowed to cut the woman's hands if she defends her husband in the wrong way:
▪︎Deuteronomy
25:11-12 "And in case men struggle together (in a fight) with one
another, and the wife of the one has come near to deliver her husband
out of the striking one (to save her husband), and she has thrust out
her hand and grabbed hold of his private (the other man's groin), she
must then get both her hands cut off, and the eyes of the men must feel
no sorrow."
The daughter would get burnt alive with fire:
▪︎Leviticus
21:9 "And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing
the [harlot], she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire."
There
are many many other verses that I could dig up and provide, but these
should be sufficient enough to prove that men have full authority over
women in the Bible.
As harsh as it may seem this is the reality
of the Bible. The God of the Bible sanctions beating and killing one's
own child, purely for disobeying him
▪︎▪︎▪︎▪︎▪︎
👉🏼Remember 100 women are killed annually today in developed countries like France and the US as official statestics reveal
▪︎See all the statistics here on our previous post
Now
coming to the idea of Islam allowing wife beating. This is not true.
Islam does not allow wife beating, rather in Islam a husband must love
and look after his wife and children.
Narrated Mu'awiyah
al-Qushayri: "I went to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) and
asked him: What do you say (command) about our wives? He replied: Give
them food what you have for yourself, and clothe them by which you
clothe yourself, and 👉🏼do not beat them, and do not revile them.
▪︎(Sunan Abu-Dawud, Book 11, Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah), Number 2139)"
Narrated
Mu'awiyah ibn Haydah: "I said: Apostle of Allah, how should we approach
our wives and how should we leave them? He replied: Approach your tilth
when or how you will, give her (your wife) food when you take food,
clothe when you clothe yourself, do not revile her face, 👉🏼and do not
beat her.
▪︎(Sunan Abu-Dawud, Book 11, Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah), Number 2138)"
👉🏼So act kindly towards women.
(Translation of Sahih Muslim, The Book of Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah), Book 008, Number 3468)"
Always remember:
👉🏼👉🏼👉🏼and do not beat them, and do not revile them.
▪︎(Sunan Abu-Dawud, Book 11, Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah), Number 2139
Aisha
reported that Allah's Messenger, may Allah bless him, never beat anyone
with his hand, neither a woman nor a servant, but only, in the case
when he had been fighting in the cause of Allah …” (Sahih Muslim, Hadith
4296)
Tafsir Ibn Kathir, chapter 68:
Imam Ahmad recorded
that `A’ishah said, “The Messenger of Allah never struck a servant of
his with his hand, nor did he ever hit a woman. He never hit anything
with his hand, except for when he was fighting Jihad in the cause of
Allah
Allah Subhanahu wa taala describes Prophet Muhammed Peace be upon him in the Quran as the best of character.
Narrated
Mu'awiyah al-Qushayri: "I went to the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) and asked him: What do you say (command) about our
wives? He replied: Give them food what you have for yourself, and clothe
them by which you clothe yourself, and 👉🏼do not beat them, and do not
revile them. (Sunan Abu-Dawud, Book 11, Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah),
Number 2139)"
Stop it "Do not Beat Your Wife" (Noble Quran & Prophet of Islam-Peace be upon him)
👉🏼"...Do not retain them (i.e., your wives) to harm them...(The Noble Quran, 2:231)"
🗣Now
Correct Context and translation of Quran 4:34 based upon above verses
and true meaning of Word "Adriboo (root: daraba): to separate, to part,
or to strike"
💐👉🏼This religion that forbids to harm even a cat how could it say beat a woman
Beat (daraba ) in Arabic language also means to separate and ignore someone too
As in Lisan Al Arab dictionary
(4:34)
[...]as for those women whose animosity or ill-will you have reason to
fear, then leave them alone in bed, and then separate; and if thereupon
they pay you heed, do not seek a way against them.
Adriboo (root: daraba): to separate, to part, or to strike.
In
the context of the above verse the most appropriate meaning for nushuz
is 'marital discord' (ill-will, animosity etc), and for adriboo is 'to
separate' or 'to part'.
"O ye who believe! When ye go abroad
(darabtum) In the cause of Allah, Investigate carefully, And say not to
anyone Who offers you a salutation: 'Thou art none of a Believer!'
Coveting the perishable good Of this life: with Allah Are profits and
spoils abundant. Even thus were ye yourselves Before, till Allah
conferred On you His favours: therefore Carefully investigate. For Allah
is well aware Of all that ye do. (The Noble Quran, 4:94)"
So
"daraba" literally means "beat", or "go abroad", or "give" but not in
the sense to give something by hand, but rather to give or provide an
example.
Important Note: Notice how Allah Almighty in Noble
Chapter (Surah) 4 He used "daraba (4:34" and "darabtum (4:94)", which
are both derived from the same root. He used both words in the same
Chapter, which tells me that "daraba" in Noble Verse 4:34 means to
desert or leave but not beat, since that's what its derived word meant
in Noble Verse 4:94.
"...Do not retain them (i.e., your wives) to harm them...(The Noble Quran, 2:231
