Friday, August 1, 2025

Targum Onkelos and Quran: Islam/submission of Abraham

Quran records an interesting divine commandment to prophet Abraham: 

Qur’an 2:131:
(إِذۡ قَالَ لَهُۥ رَبُّهُۥٓ أَسۡلِمۡۖ قَالَ أَسۡلَمۡتُ لِرَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ)
Meaning: [When his Lord said to him: "Submit (Aslim)", he said, "I have submitted (Aslamtu) to the Lord of the Worlds."]  

Bible (Genesis 17:1)

"When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to him and said, 'I am Almighty God; walk before me and be blameless.'"

  • The Hebrew command is "walk before me and be tamim" (וֶהְיֵה תָמִים).

  • Tamim (תמים) means "blameless," "complete," "perfect," "integral."

Aramaic Targum Onkelos

[Targum Onqelos is the official eastern translation of the Torah in Aramaic. ]
  • The Targum says: "שר קדמי והוי שלים"

    • "Sholaim/Shlim" (שלם / שְׁלִים): Meaning "whole," "complete," "at peace," and sometimes "in submission."

       


       Link
    • Link 2 

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon 

  • שָׁלֵם / shalem means "to be complete, sound, whole," and in certain contexts, "to submit (oneself), especially to God."

  • The lexicon indeed notes the connection to the Arabic root سَلِمَ (salima) and أسلم (aslama) – submit, surrender (to God); hence, "Muslim" (مُسْلِمٌ): one who submits (to God).

     


    • So, there is an etymological link between Hebrew/Aramaic sh-l-m (peace, completeness) and Arabic s-l-m (submission, peace).


      That word could, especially in such a religious context, connote submission to God's will i.e Islam.

      "Walk before me and be submissive/surrendering/Muslim "

Main reference